Koy Sanjaq (KS): The text of your Jews out-of Koy Sanjaq, resident once the throughout the 1951 within the Israel

Recommendations is inspired by Robert Hoberman (private interaction). Which seems to be broadly associate of the Jewish dialects from a number of other towns and cities associated with the part also, plus Aqra and you may Rawanduz.

not, contained in this dialect discover a very uncommon changes out of h so you can h on 3rd people one possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’

Azerbaijan (Azer): The language of Jews from Iranian Azerbaijan, as well as communities into the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and you will Yuksekova. Data is from Garbell (1965).

Halabja (Hala): What of your own Jews off Halabja towards the Iran-Iraq border. This is extremely near the Jewish languages of other urban centers of one’s region, as well as Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you can Panjwin. Information originates from my cards.

We’ll contrast these types of dialects for twenty-five phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and lexical requirements. Adopting the Hetzron (1976, 98), we have selected simply innovations given that standards to own category. You will find selected a good disproportionate amount of morphological criteria, therefore we should provide them with special pounds, once again pursuing the Hetzron, however, other common innovations might possibly be regarded as better.

Mention in addition to the more challenging maintenance and also installation from into the Koy Sanjaq advertised of the Hoberman (1985)

Once we evaluate the latest dialects out-of NENA we’re going to just be sure to dictate brand new the quantity to which the languages share a definite trend and this differs from Turoyo and you will Mandaic. At the same time, we will select bundles out of isoglosses inside https://datingranking.net/cs/talkwithstranger-recenze/ NENA.

(1) Fret is penultimate in most the fresh NA dialects, and additionally Turoyo and Mandaic but not on about three easternmost Jewish dialects, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and you can Halabja, which fret the final syllable. These types of languages search, such as this, as with numerous (Garbell 1965), to exhibit an unusually solid determine out of Kurdish.

(2) All NENA languages has actually merged h and you will x. Inside Hertevin as a result, h, and you may every where else it is x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]a ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you will +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)

Each other Turoyo and you may Mandaic keep separate h and you can x. Certain NENA languages features reintroduced h as a borrowing from the bank out of Kurdish otherwise Arabic otherwise off Ancient Syriac otherwise Hebrew.(5) Yet not, the newest inherited words constantly shows x. Such, in the Tisqopa you’ll find borrowed Arabic conditions, like sahabi ‘friend’, having h, however, passed down terms such as for example laxma ‘bread’ consistently let you know x. (6)

(3) All of the NENA dialects except Hertevin and Zakho have lost extremely instances regarding passed down. Instance, into the Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ corresponding to Syriac arb a beneficial and you may afra. Into the Hertevin as well as in Zakho, passed down was on a regular basis ?: Hertevin very?a ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?los angeles ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 189). In a lot of almost every other dialects most are maintained given that ?, and, on other individuals, is gone totally. Certain languages features reintroduced lent regarding Arabic otherwise Kurdish. Such as for instance, Halabja provides ayza ‘good’.

(4) Inside before dialects off Aramaic, such as Tiberian Hebrew, t became [Theta] shortly after a beneficial vowel. That it alternation has been lexicalized into the NENA, with sometimes t or [Theta] distributed due to entire paradigms, if or not preceded by a vowel or not. Such as for instance, when you look at the Aradhin the latest verb ‘come’ is now offering [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, as well as [Theta]e:los angeles ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Then, in a number of languages the new phoneme [Theta] provides undergone additional change. In some dialects [Theta] has combined to t, plus others it’s become s otherwise l.(7) In a single dialect, Jilu, it is h right after which started deleted except in the beginning of a word. The three easternmost Jewish dialects display the new surprising move away from [Theta] to a single. The results of them transform is seen regarding the keyword ‘house’ which looks in almost any languages because getting:[Thetan excellent]a great (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and you will besa (Sanandaj Religious).